An examination of practical‐based STEM education in Warawa LGA, Kano State
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Background of the Study
Practical‐based STEM education emphasizes the application of theoretical concepts through hands-on activities, experiments, and real-world problem-solving. In Warawa LGA, Kano State, this educational approach has gained momentum as a means to improve student engagement and deepen conceptual understanding. Traditional lecture-based methods have often fallen short of preparing students for the complexities of modern scientific and technological challenges (Okezie, 2023; Musa, 2024). By contrast, practical-based learning integrates laboratory experiments, fieldwork, and project-based assignments, allowing students to directly interact with the subject matter. Such methods not only reinforce classroom instruction but also develop critical thinking and innovation skills essential for success in STEM careers (Okezie, 2023).
In Warawa LGA, the drive toward practical-based STEM education has been fueled by both local government initiatives and community partnerships. Educational institutions are increasingly investing in workshops, science fairs, and collaborative projects that provide students with opportunities to experiment, analyze, and innovate. This shift is seen as crucial in a rapidly evolving global landscape, where the ability to apply knowledge practically is highly valued (Musa, 2024). Furthermore, practical-based education is believed to address the shortcomings of rote learning by providing contextually relevant experiences that enhance retention and understanding. Recent studies have shown that students who engage in hands-on projects tend to perform better academically and demonstrate a higher level of problem-solving skills (Ibrahim, 2023).
Despite these promising developments, challenges remain in fully institutionalizing practical-based STEM education in Warawa LGA. Factors such as inadequate laboratory facilities, limited access to modern equipment, and insufficient teacher training often hinder effective implementation. Additionally, curriculum constraints and budgetary limitations further complicate efforts to provide a consistent, high-quality practical learning experience (Ibrahim, 2023). The disparity between policy aspirations and on-ground realities calls for a systematic evaluation of practical-based STEM education, focusing on both its benefits and the challenges encountered. This study aims to examine how practical-based methods are implemented in Warawa LGA, identify the key factors affecting their success, and propose strategies to overcome existing limitations (Ahmed, 2025).
Statement of the Problem
Despite the acknowledged benefits of practical-based STEM education, Warawa LGA continues to experience significant obstacles in its widespread implementation. One primary issue is the inadequacy of physical infrastructure and laboratory equipment necessary to conduct hands-on experiments effectively. Many schools lack the specialized facilities required for practical learning, thereby limiting the scope and quality of educational activities (Okezie, 2023). Furthermore, teacher preparedness is a recurring challenge, as many educators have not received adequate training in facilitating practical-based learning experiences. This deficiency leads to a reliance on traditional lecture methods, even in environments where interactive learning could be more beneficial (Musa, 2024).
In addition to infrastructural and training challenges, curriculum rigidity poses a significant barrier. The existing educational framework often prioritizes theoretical knowledge, leaving little room for extended practical sessions. Consequently, students are deprived of opportunities to apply theoretical concepts in a controlled, hands-on environment, which undermines their ability to fully grasp and retain STEM principles (Ahmed, 2025). Financial constraints further exacerbate the situation, as limited funding restricts the procurement of modern laboratory equipment and other essential resources. This combination of factors contributes to a disconnect between the intended benefits of practical-based STEM education and the actual classroom experience, resulting in suboptimal learning outcomes.
The gap between policy directives advocating for practical-based education and the realities of classroom implementation raises concerns regarding the long-term efficacy of such initiatives. Without sufficient empirical evidence and robust evaluation frameworks, it is challenging for policymakers to justify increased investment in practical-based learning. This study aims to address these issues by systematically examining the implementation challenges of practical-based STEM education in Warawa LGA and proposing actionable recommendations for improvement.
Objectives of the Study
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To examine the current implementation of practical-based STEM education in Warawa LGA.
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To identify the infrastructural and pedagogical challenges hindering effective practical learning.
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To recommend strategies for enhancing practical-based STEM instruction in the region.
Research Questions
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How is practical-based STEM education currently implemented in Warawa LGA?
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What are the main challenges faced by schools and teachers in delivering practical-based learning?
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How can these challenges be addressed to improve practical-based STEM education?
Research Hypotheses
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Practical-based STEM education significantly improves student understanding compared to traditional methods.
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Inadequate infrastructure and teacher training negatively impact the effectiveness of practical-based learning.
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Strategic investments in resources and training will enhance the quality of practical-based STEM education.
Significance of the Study
This study is significant as it critically evaluates the effectiveness of practical-based STEM education in Warawa LGA, highlighting both its benefits and the challenges faced by schools. The findings will provide valuable insights for educators and policymakers, offering evidence-based recommendations to enhance practical learning experiences. By bridging the gap between theoretical policies and classroom realities, the research aims to improve student engagement and academic performance, ultimately contributing to a more robust STEM education framework in the region.
Scope and Limitations of the Study
This study is limited to assessing practical-based STEM education in selected schools within Warawa LGA, Kano State, and does not extend to other subjects or regions.
Definitions of Terms
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Practical-Based Education: An instructional approach that emphasizes experiential learning through hands-on activities and experiments.
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Laboratory Facilities: Dedicated spaces equipped for scientific experiments and practical learning.
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Curriculum Flexibility: The ability of the educational program to adapt and incorporate diverse teaching methods, including practical sessions.
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